Codes & Ciphers
Many puzzles use codes and ciphers to conceal clues or make the puzzle harder. Herein you will find a collection of tools to help you encode, decode, encrypt and decrypt messages using a variety of techniques.
Monoalphabetic Ciphers
These types of ciphers substitute one letter for another letter throughout the entire message. Because the same substitution applies for the entire message, these ciphers are relatively easy to crack using frequency analysis and educated guesses.
- Alphabetic Rotation
- Atbash Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Caesar Shift
- Keyword Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Pigpen / Masonic Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Polybius Square (available on Braingle.com)
- ROT13
Also see the Codes section for monoalphabetic substitution ciphers where the substitution is in the form of a different alphabet.
Polyalphabetic Ciphers
In these ciphers, one letter is substituted for another, but that substitution may change throughout the message. These types of ciphers are bit more tricky to crack if you don't know the method.
- Vigenère Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Beaufort Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Autokey Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Running Key Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
Polygraphic Ciphers
These ciphers perform substitutions on groups of two or more letters instead of single letters.
- Playfair Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Bifid Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Trifid Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Four-square Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
Transposition Ciphers
A transposition cipher keeps the letters in the message the same, but rearranges them according to some algorithm. It's an anagram! For short messages, this is not very effective, but for longer messages it can be difficult to unscramble the message.
- Rail Fence Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Route Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Columnar Transposition (available on Braingle.com)
Codes
A code is a form of substitution cipher where letters or words are switched to predefined alternates. Codes are not intended to conceal the message, but rather to transform it to be more easily communicated or for artistic reasons.
- Morse Code
- ASCII
- Barcodes (Wikipedia)
- Postnet Code (Wikipedia)
- Cirth (Tolkien Dwarves) (Wikipedia)
- Sarati/Tengwar (Tolkien Elvish) (Wikipedia)
- Aurebesh (Star Wars)
- Dancing Men (Sherlock Holmes)
- Futurama
- Tivan (Disney)
- Disney Indian Jones
- Klingon (Wikipedia)
- Hylian (Zelda Fandom)
- Braille
- Moon Code
- Naval Flags (Wikipedia)
- NATO Phonetic
- Semaphore
- Tap Code
- Ogham (Irish) (Wikipedia)
- Dothraki (Game of Thrones) (Wikipedia)
- Valyrian (Game of Thrones) (Wikipedia)
- Alternate Alphabets
Other Ciphers
There are other types of unique ciphers that don't fall into the above classifications.
- Book Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- Beale Cipher (available on Braingle.com)
- One-time Pad (available on Braingle.com)
- Scytale (available on Braingle.com)
- Steganography (available on Braingle.com)
Tools
Here is a collection of general purpose tools that can be used to crack a code if you don't know what algorithm was used.
- Frequency Analysis (available on Braingle.com)